Understanding Youth: Adolescent Development for Educators
Ch. 12 : "The Educational Ecology of Adolescent Development"
Nakkula & Toshalis go into Bronfenbrenner's human ecology: "human development [is] comprehensively grounded in contextual interactionism." They explain 4 of the environmental contexts: Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem & Macrosystem.
Margaret Beale Spencer researched how black students perceived cultural influences on them. She is focused on "how" youth interpret cultural influences, from their perspectives rather than just looking at the different systems. Spencer's is a more active approach. It allows teachers/ parents, etc to enter into the struggle with the student and assist, rather than standing at a distance...examining.
Topic of resistance. Herbert Kohl -- "The response [resistance] emerges as youth confront the fact that what they are being asked to learn sometimes entails a denial of what they may already know." p 257
Janelle Dance's 3 gangstas: the hardcore, the hardcore wannabe & the hard enough. Teachers often clump them all together. Teachers must make an effort to tell the difference and learn the language of the street.
Favorite quote: "Humor, patience, and trust are invaluable resources here and are frequently the characteristics students look for in adults they feel possess a certain 'with-it-ness,' who 'get' what it means to be an adolescent today." p260
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